Vladivostok, Russia: In a report to Congress on Friday, Secretary
of State Hillary Rodham Clinton formally designated the militant
Haqqani network - responsible for some of the deadliest attacks against
American troops in Afghanistan - as a terrorist organization, two days
before a Congressional deadline.
Mrs Clinton signed the order in Brunei before departing to Vladivostok for the annual Asia Pacific Economic Conference, and State Department officials began notifying senior lawmakers. She issued the report after a last round of internal debate that took place in Washington on Thursday hours before President Obama spoke at the Democratic National Convention.
Mrs Clinton and others have already discussed the issue with their counterparts in Pakistan, and the administration's special envoy, Marc Grossman, is expected to formally inform Pakistan's leaders on Friday.
The decision is the culmination of nearly two years of
spirited debate inside the administration that reached a peak in the
past month under the pressure of Sunday's reporting deadline.
Several State Department and military officials had argued that designating the organization would help strangle the group's fund-raising activities in countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and pressure Pakistan to open a long-expected military offensive against the militants.
Many other senior officials, including several in the White House, expressed deep reservations that blacklisting the group could further damage badly frayed relations with Pakistan, undercut peace talks with the Taliban and possibly jeopardize the fate of Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl, the only American soldier known to be held by the militants.
But in the past few days, supporters of designating the group apparently eased most concerns or put forward contingencies to mitigate the risks and potential consequences.
"This shows that we are using everything we can to put the squeeze on these guys," said one administration official who was involved in the process, and who spoke on the condition of anonymity on Thursday because the decision had not yet been formally announced.
Another senior administration official said the designation "is a very strong signal of our resolve to combat the Haqqanis."
Critics had contended that a designation by the Treasury Department or the United Nations could achieve largely the same result as adding the network to the much more prominent State Department list, with far fewer consequences.
But many senior counterterrorism officials as well as top American military officers, including General John R Allen, commander of American and NATO troops in Afghanistan, had said designating the organization should be a top priority.
"FTO designation could reduce a critical capability of the Haqqani network by increasing the cost of doing business, reducing access to capital, and constraining the network's financial resources, thereby limiting their freedom to operate in a local, regional, and international context," Jeffrey Dressler, senior Afghanistan analyst for the Institute for the Study of War, a research organization here, said in a paper issued this week, referring to foreign terrorist organizations.
Mr Dressler said the Haqqani network's business interests stretched from Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the Persian Gulf, and included car dealerships, money exchanges and construction companies, import-export operations and smuggling networks.
Since 2008, Haqqani suicide attackers have struck the American Embassy and Indian Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, as well as the headquarters of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force and hotels and restaurants there.
American officials confirmed last week that a senior member of the Haqqani family leadership, Badruddin Haqqani, the network's operational commander, was killed recently in a drone strike in Pakistan's tribal areas.
Pressure in Congress to add the group to the terrorist list had grown this year. "The Haqqani network is engaged in a reign of terror," Representative Mike Rogers, a Michigan Republican who is chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, said in July. "Now is the time for action, not simply paperwork and talk."
With virtually unanimous backing, Congress approved legislation that President Obama signed into law on August 10 giving Mrs Clinton 30 days to determine whether the Haqqani network was a terrorist group, and report her decision to lawmakers by Sunday, coincidentally three days after the end of the Democratic National Convention.
Critics of designating the group a terrorist organization say the action could drive a wedge between the United States and Pakistan, just as the countries are gingerly recovering from months of gruelling negotiations to reopen NATO supply routes. Pakistan closed the routes through its territory after an allied airstrike near the Afghan border last November killed 24 Pakistani soldiers.
These same critics say such a move would appear to bring Pakistan a step closer to being designated as a state sponsor of terrorism. American officials say Pakistan's main spy agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate, is secretly aiding the insurgents. Pakistani officials have said the agency maintains regular contact with the Haqqanis, but deny that it provides operational support.
Two Pakistani officials said last week that the decision was "an internal American issue." American analysts believe that Pakistan would be reluctant to publicly protest the designation, because to do so would substantiate American beliefs that Pakistan supports the Haqqanis.
Mrs Clinton signed the order in Brunei before departing to Vladivostok for the annual Asia Pacific Economic Conference, and State Department officials began notifying senior lawmakers. She issued the report after a last round of internal debate that took place in Washington on Thursday hours before President Obama spoke at the Democratic National Convention.
Mrs Clinton and others have already discussed the issue with their counterparts in Pakistan, and the administration's special envoy, Marc Grossman, is expected to formally inform Pakistan's leaders on Friday.
Several State Department and military officials had argued that designating the organization would help strangle the group's fund-raising activities in countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and pressure Pakistan to open a long-expected military offensive against the militants.
Many other senior officials, including several in the White House, expressed deep reservations that blacklisting the group could further damage badly frayed relations with Pakistan, undercut peace talks with the Taliban and possibly jeopardize the fate of Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl, the only American soldier known to be held by the militants.
But in the past few days, supporters of designating the group apparently eased most concerns or put forward contingencies to mitigate the risks and potential consequences.
"This shows that we are using everything we can to put the squeeze on these guys," said one administration official who was involved in the process, and who spoke on the condition of anonymity on Thursday because the decision had not yet been formally announced.
Another senior administration official said the designation "is a very strong signal of our resolve to combat the Haqqanis."
Critics had contended that a designation by the Treasury Department or the United Nations could achieve largely the same result as adding the network to the much more prominent State Department list, with far fewer consequences.
But many senior counterterrorism officials as well as top American military officers, including General John R Allen, commander of American and NATO troops in Afghanistan, had said designating the organization should be a top priority.
"FTO designation could reduce a critical capability of the Haqqani network by increasing the cost of doing business, reducing access to capital, and constraining the network's financial resources, thereby limiting their freedom to operate in a local, regional, and international context," Jeffrey Dressler, senior Afghanistan analyst for the Institute for the Study of War, a research organization here, said in a paper issued this week, referring to foreign terrorist organizations.
Mr Dressler said the Haqqani network's business interests stretched from Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the Persian Gulf, and included car dealerships, money exchanges and construction companies, import-export operations and smuggling networks.
Since 2008, Haqqani suicide attackers have struck the American Embassy and Indian Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, as well as the headquarters of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force and hotels and restaurants there.
American officials confirmed last week that a senior member of the Haqqani family leadership, Badruddin Haqqani, the network's operational commander, was killed recently in a drone strike in Pakistan's tribal areas.
Pressure in Congress to add the group to the terrorist list had grown this year. "The Haqqani network is engaged in a reign of terror," Representative Mike Rogers, a Michigan Republican who is chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, said in July. "Now is the time for action, not simply paperwork and talk."
With virtually unanimous backing, Congress approved legislation that President Obama signed into law on August 10 giving Mrs Clinton 30 days to determine whether the Haqqani network was a terrorist group, and report her decision to lawmakers by Sunday, coincidentally three days after the end of the Democratic National Convention.
Critics of designating the group a terrorist organization say the action could drive a wedge between the United States and Pakistan, just as the countries are gingerly recovering from months of gruelling negotiations to reopen NATO supply routes. Pakistan closed the routes through its territory after an allied airstrike near the Afghan border last November killed 24 Pakistani soldiers.
These same critics say such a move would appear to bring Pakistan a step closer to being designated as a state sponsor of terrorism. American officials say Pakistan's main spy agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate, is secretly aiding the insurgents. Pakistani officials have said the agency maintains regular contact with the Haqqanis, but deny that it provides operational support.
Two Pakistani officials said last week that the decision was "an internal American issue." American analysts believe that Pakistan would be reluctant to publicly protest the designation, because to do so would substantiate American beliefs that Pakistan supports the Haqqanis.
© 2012, The New York Times News Service
